Rating: 9/10
書名：《 挺身而進 》/ Lean In : Women, Work, and the Will to Lead
作者：雪柔·卡拉·桑德伯格 Sheryl Sandberg
2010年Facebook營運長Sandberg的TED演講中，她說很可惜，在她的世代沒辦法擁有管理階層50/50男女比的世界，11年後的今天(2021)，很可惜，我們依然還在努力。
《 挺身而進 》給讀者的價值
- 重新檢視職場心理的認知與生活態度
- 培養 lean in 與往高處爬的勇氣 (尤其是女性)
- 擁有一個具體的榜樣，幫助你朝向想成為的模樣
《 挺身而進 》Takeaway
- 做完比做完美更重要
- 主動爭取機會，勇於接受挑戰
- 給予你的夥伴向你說真話的權利
- Sit at the table & Keep your hand up
- 永遠不要低估自己，不要還未開始，就先放棄
《 挺身而進 》內容
「社會對於性別的刻板印象真的消失了嗎?」
Female accomplishments come at a cost.
Success and likability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women.
曾經有一項實驗:
將學生分為兩組，針對某位企業家進行評論，企業家名字一組叫Heidi (女)，一組叫Howard (男)。
研究結果發現大家都認為Heidi & Howard很有能力，不同的是大家都愛Howard，認為跟他共事是很開心的事；Heidi則有點太激進、不合群，不太願意與她共事。
越居高位的女性，往往需要付出更大的社會代價(pay social penalty)
你是否也曾用過某些偏頗貶義的詞語像是”bossy”或者”母老虎”來形容某些女性主管?
每個人內心都是渴望獲得他人喜愛的，正因如此，
當女性站的越高，被討厭的勇氣就越重要。
Fight for the right thing.
Story in Book…
在Sandberg剛進Facebook不久後，創辦人Zuckerberg 就曾提醒她：
“Your desire to be liked by everyone would hold you back. If you do please everyone, you aren’t making enough progress.” (希望被所有人喜歡的這個想法，最終將困住你前進的步伐)
「常常過於低估自己的能力？」
Ask a man to explain his success and he will typically credit his own innate qualities and skills. Ask a woman the same question and she will attribute her success to external factors, insisting she did well because she “work really hard,” or “got lucky,” or “had help from others.”
踏入會議室，你是否會下意識找角落的地方待著，而非坐在會議桌上?
當被稱讚時，你是否曾覺得心虛，有種謊言終將被戳破的惶恐不安?
當問起成功的原因，你是否將大多數歸功於外在因素而非己身能力?
女性相較男性，更容易低估自己的能力。
這是在心理學中也被討論的現象(the impostor syndrome)，
當你開始質疑自我時，請記著：
1. 準確認知自己的價值
2. 不斷提醒自己: 你比自己想像中還要優秀
Then, Sit at a table!
「被動的等待，以為別人會看見你的付出？」
There is no perfect fit when you’re looking for the big thing to do.
Opportunities are not well defined but, instead, come from someone jumping in to do something. That something then becomes his job.
當有新挑戰時，你是否擔心無法達到職位的要求而放棄爭取?
當有升遷機會時，你是否被動等待主管的提拔，認為主管會看到你的表現?
研究顯示在面對新工作前，當確認100%符合工作條件，女性才會爭取這個職位，反觀男性則是60%。
另一份研究顯示應徵第一份工作時，會與公司協商薪資的比例，男性佔57%，女性則是7%。
職場不是爬梯子，要擁抱多元的可能。
從沒有一份工作會一開始就會fit你，而是你要去fit它，但首先你要有勇氣去take it。
別再低估自己的能力，別在還未開始前就放棄，
Keep your hand up!
Story in Book…
Sandberg曾針對此女性職場議題給Facebook內部員工做演講，最初Q&A環節只接受2個問題，2個問題後大部分人都將手放下(包含所有女性)，然後Sandberg繼續回答了其他人的問題。
事後一位女員工說她今天學到的最重要一件事是”keep her hand up”，這時Sandberg才意識到最後舉著手的都是男性。
即使像Sandberg這樣在乎此性別議題的上位者，在當下都沒有意識到這個現象，除非你的老闆夠有眼光，你也夠幸運，不然不主動爭取的人獲得的機會總是比那些積極的人少得多。
「人的精力有限，有時候做完比做完美還要重要。」
Done is better than perfect.
If I had to embrace a definition of success, it would be that success is making the best choices we can … and accepting them.
沒有人可以將所有事情都做到完美。
你的完美只需要在最重要的事情上，其餘的只需付出80%甚至只要做完就已足夠。
成功的人懂得接受總有些事會不完美，並能夠在有限的精力裡做最好的決定與分配。
「實話傷人，但真實。」
Being open to hearing the truth means taking responsibility for mistakes.
“How can I do better?” “What am I doing that I don’t know?” “What am I not doing that I don’t see?” These questions can lead you to many benefits. And believe me, the truth hurts.
Effective communication starts with the understanding that there is my point of view (my truth) and someone else’s point of view (his truth).
凡是留情面，所以我們說話總留些餘地，但真話往往讓你能更快意識到自己的問題並改正。
親口給予你信任的夥伴向你說真話的權利，讓他們在你失控或偏離方向的時候，可以沒有心理負擔的點醒你，有效的溝通通常建立在相互理解的基礎上。
改正這件事很難的地方在於，接受的同時也代表你承認並承擔那些曾經的錯誤。
「當你有權利，請試著為群體發聲並做出改變。
當你有能力，請試著為更好的未來做出行動。」
Leadership is about making others better as a result of your presence and making sure that impact lasts in your absence.
Sandberg在書中承認她每天仍在努力平衡工作與家庭間的時間分配，為了多陪伴孩子，所以她比過去還早下班，但即使在家工作到更晚，她仍會對提早下班離開公司這件事而惶恐，這不僅僅是她會遇到的難題，而是所有員工都可能遭遇的問題，所以她勇敢地把這個議題帶到大眾面前來，公開談論。
只有當更多人願意談論，事情才有可能改變。
領導者的價值在於你的存在能讓其他人變得更好，而你帶來的那些好的改變，即使在你離開之後，仍能持續地影響這個地方。
Sandberg 曾這樣期許Barnard畢業生…
You will find something you love doing and you will do it with gusto. Find the right career for you and go all the way to the top. As you walk off this stage today, you start your adult life. Start out by aiming high. Try-and try hard. And I hope you-yes, you- have the ambition to lean in to your career and run the world. Because the world needs you to change it. Please ask yourself: What would I do if I weren’t afraid? (當你無所畏懼時，你會怎麼做？) And then go do it.
作者介紹
Sheryl Kara Sandberg 雪柔·桑德伯格
8/28/1969, 生於美國 (猶太人)
- 職涯
2008-present: 現任Facebook營運長(COO), 同時為Facebook第一位女性董事會成員
2001-2008: Google環球營銷部副總
1996-2001: 美國財政部長助理 - 著作
Option B: Facing Adversity, Building Resilience and Finding Joy (2017)
Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead (2013) - 創辦
LeanIn.Org - 榮譽
自2007開始屢次被《Fortune》評選為”50位最有影響力的商業女性”
2007 & 2008被《華爾街日報》評選為”50位值得關注的女性”
2009被《彭博商業週刊》評選為”25名最具影響力的網際網路人物”
2012被《時代》評選為當年時代百大人物之一
自2011開始每年皆被《富比士》評選為”100位全球最有影響力的女性”
延伸推薦
2010年Sandberg在TED的演講” Why We Have Too Few Women Leaders”
內容著重在這本書的三個篇章:
1. Sit at the Table
2. Make Your Partner a Real Partner
3. Don’t Leave Before You Leave
結尾Sandberg是這麼說的:
I have a 5-year-old son and a 2-year-old daughter. I want my son to have a choice to contribute fully in the workforce or at home. And I want my daughter to have a choice to not just succeed, but to be liked for her accomplishments.
延伸閱讀：《被討厭的勇氣》執著於被認同的需求，將會阻礙你的前行
Excerpt 摘錄
Chapter “The Leadership Ambition Gap“
- Female accomplishments come at a cost.
- Professional ambition is expected of men bit is optional-or worse, sometimes even a negative-for women.
Chapter “Sit at the Table“
- Opportunities are not well defined but, instead, come from someone jumping in to do something. That something then becomes his job.
- Many people, but especially women, feel fraudulent when they are praised for their accomplishments. Instead of feeling worthy of recognition, they feel undeserving and guilty, as if a mistake has been made.
- There is no perfect fit when you’re looking for the big thing to do. (Padmasree Warrior, the most important lesson she’ve learned from a mistake she has made in the past is say no to a lot of opportunities when she was just starting out.)
Chapter “Success and Likability“
- Success and likability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women.
- My desire to be liked by everyone would hold me back. If you do please everyone, you aren’t making enough progress.
Chapter “It’s a Jungle Game, Not a Ladder”
- Women are also more reluctant to apply for promotions even when deserved, often believing that good job performance will naturally lead to rewards.
- Quotes come from author Alice Walker, who observed, “The most common way people give up their power is by thinking they don’t have any.”
Chapter “Are You My Mentor?”
- Asking for input is not a sign of weakness but often the first step to finding a path forward.
Chapter “Seek and Speak Your Truth”
- Effective communication starts with the understanding that there is my point of view (my truth) and someone else’s point of view (his truth).
- Being open to hearing the truth means taking responsibility for mistakes.
- “How can I do better?” “What am I doing that I don’t know?” “What am I not doing that I don’t see?” These questions can lead you to many benefits. And believe me, the truth hurts.
- An all-business approach is not always good business.
Chapter “The Myth if Doing It All”
- Done is better then perfect.
- If I had to embrace a definition of success, it would be that success is making the best choices we can … and accepting them.
Chapter “Let’s Start Talking About It”
- Still, the clamor made me realize how incredibly hard it would be someone in a less-senior position to ask for or admit to this scehdule.
- Leadership is about making others better as a result of your presence and making sure that impact lasts in your absence.
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